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Locals toil as experts toast Turkish wine renaissance

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As the evening light falls on her vineyards in northwestern Turkey, Zeynep Arca Sallıel pinches the grapes and tastes the skin. It is harvest time.

Aided by an Italian wine expert, the 50-year-old took up winemaking professionally in the 2000s, aged 30, after the lifting of a state monopoly on alcohol sales that favored large producers.

Today, her Arcadia estate, two-and-a-half hours from İstanbul in the Thrace region, produces between 120,000 and 150,000 bottles per year, using both international and local grape varieties.

Yet she considers herself “an endangered species.”

“The changing climate, the economic crisis, inflation” and a “lack of visibility” have contributed to her troubles.

“We produce quality wines but have had difficulty selling them domestically and exporting them,” she said.

Above all, winegrowers say taxes, bureaucracy and sometimes farcical laws are killing their production.

A whole generation of newcomers to the profession, including many women, often trained abroad, has sparked a wine renaissance in Turkey, said Göknur Gündoğan, a sommelier and consultant.

Turkey boasts some 250 estates, half of which are focused on quality wines.

Curious winemakers cultivate international grape varieties such as Cabernet, Sauvignon and Merlot for the domestic market.

But they also experiment with local varieties, from white grapes Narince, Kolorko and Papaskarasi to Karasakız reds.

Anatolian heritage

Of the thousand native Turkish grape varieties identified by renowned French grapevine classifier Pierre Galet, around 15 are grown for wine — and enjoy real success, according to Gündoğan.

When international critics came to Turkey in 2009, they tasted about 50 wines, but only about six of them were local varieties, said Umay Çeviker, founder of Yaban Kolektif, which is dedicated to preserving Anatolia’s viticulture heritage.

This year there were 85 wines, “all coming from local varieties,” he added.

Turkish wine-making enjoyed a boom period between 2002 and 2013, but authorities then banned all advertising and organizing of viticultural festivals.

Although wine has been made here for millennia, Turkey is predominantly Muslim and its conservative president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, “does not want Turks to consume it,” said Gündoğan.

“We can’t do any promotions. We’re even afraid to post a photo on Instagram,” admitted Metin Harbalıoğlu, who, at 50, is nonetheless launching a new winery, Prius, in Thrace.

The price of wine is being pushed up by inflation — running at some 50 percent — and VAT at 20 percent.

Wine accounts for just six percent of overall alcohol consumption — well behind beer or local anise-flavored tipple rakı.

A recent law requires producers and importers to maintain a level of financial bank collateral to cover future taxes or fines for possible infractions.

Adding to their woes are monthly checks to ensure legal compliance.

“Over the past 10 years, dozens of new producers launched. These regulations have put a stop to that,” sighed Sallıel.

Fines can range from 500,000 to 15 million Turkish lira ($14,700 to $440,000), sums that exceed the entire turnover of some smaller domains.

Well-kept secret

Seyit Karagözoğlu, 58, the founder of the Paşaeli winery, was a pioneer investor in several grape varieties.

He exports to the United States, Britain and the United Arab Emirates, where his bottles are VAT exempt.

But he bemoaned the Turkish authorities’ attitude.

“There’s a very specific lack of promotion. I think it can be really challenging for the new generation or someone who wants to start,” he said.

For Çeviker, authorities “are very good at controlling the business, the tax side, and the regulations (but) they are not interested in promoting wine as a very Turkish specialty.”

Turkey was once among the world’s top 10 wine exporters but now only exports around three percent of its production.

Yet the quality is there, insisted Arcadia’s Italian expert Andrea Paoletti, who has two decades of experience in Turkey with Paşaeli.

In his view, “the future of Turkish wine is on the international market. They must make themselves known.”

“Alas, we remain a well-kept secret,” says Sallıel.

Of some 78 million liters produced in 2021, only 1.8 million was exported, according to official data.

Today, Turkey is globally the fifth-biggest producer of grapes but ranks 51st for wine exports.

Yet Gündoğan is confident.

“Even under the Ottomans, despite prohibition, Turkey never turned its back on wine,” she said.

“You can change the system, not the mentality.”

© Agence France-Presse

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