With inflation in Turkey galloping, the sheep Gül Er buys every year for the Muslim festival of sacrifice in Istanbul looks agonizingly out of reach.
Prices have doubled or even tripled since President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan began an unorthodox economic experiment last year that has seen Turks’ living standards suffer.
The young mother hopes to bargain down the price on one of the skimpiest-looking animals at a livestock fair held under white tents in a conservative corner of the city before the Kurban Bayramı (Eid al-Adha in Arabic) holiday.
“It is a sacred duty,” she said of buying a sheep, which along with oxen and goats are sacrificed in the name of Allah, with the meat traditionally shared with the poor, friends and neighbors.
“But this year, prices are unaffordable,” Er said, the stench of thousands of animals mixing with the sounds of haggling in the heavy summer air, ahead of Saturday’s first full day of festivities.
Annual inflation in Turkey has officially reached 78.6 percent, although economists and many ordinary Turks doubt government data.
Even if the official figures are to be believed, that is higher than in any other emerging market and nearly 10 times the record levels rocking the European Union, where the cost of living is unleashing political crises.
An independent survey prepared by the ENAG group — and believed by most Turks — puts the annual inflation rate at 175 percent.
Besides clouding Erdoğan’s chances in next year’s election, these figures spell trouble for the merchants at the İstanbul animal fair.
Snowballing problems
Turkey’s agricultural chambers union chief Şemsi Bayraktar expects sales to fall by a quarter this year.
Galip Toklu, a breeder who came to the 40,000-square-metre (10-acre) fair from the Black Sea city of Samsun, listed the ways inflation snowballs into seemingly endless problems.
The cost of animal feed has quadrupled while the amount he pays to drive his livestock to İstanbul has tripled since the last Kurban Bayramı, forcing Toklu to double the price of his meat.
“Last year, I sold 500 kilos (1,100 pounds) of beef for 20,000 liras. This year, I set my prices at 45,000 liras,” he said.
Yet few can now afford Toklu’s beef, while selling it any cheaper could put him out of business.
“Customers are unavoidably upset,” he said, his face sullen under a wide-brimmed hat.
‘Erdonomics’
While this year’s animal fair looks huge, its 160 tents are a fraction of the 500 erected in past years.
As the fair winds down, breeder Sinas Ateş looks despondent, having failed to make a single sale in two days. Livestock farming in Turkey is “finished”, he grumbled.
Just like the sacrifice of sheep, Erdoğan’s economic experiment — dubbed “Erdonomics” by skeptical global markets — is also linked to his faith.
Erdoğan cites Islamic proscriptions on usury to justify his refusal to raise interest rates to fight inflation.
High interest rates cause prices to rise, according to Erdoğan’s logic, which contradicts accepted economic orthodoxy.
So Erdoğan has pushed the central bank to set interest rates even lower. Analysts at Capital Economics in London see the possibility of a crash of the lira as “a major risk”.
‘Allah’s orders’
At the market, Salih Yeter has responded to the crisis by coming out to look for the perfect sheep with seven friends, who will all contribute to the purchase.
“People usually can’t afford to eat meat,” the 57-year-old said, adding that giving away meat to the poor is particularly important in times of trouble.
The price of food has soared by 93 percent in the past year, according to official data, with meat prices pushing even higher.
This is especially painful for Er, whose daughter has a metabolic condition that restricts her to a meat diet.
“I can’t even respect my daughter’s diet,” the mother whispered.
But respect for the holy holiday’s traditions is binding, said Selahattin Köse, a “hajji” (one who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca), from the eastern city of Erzurum.
“Prices have doubled, but we have to deal with it,” Köşe said. “It’s Allah’s orders.”
AFP